什么是UBI全民基本工资？我能拿到吗？| 学点经济学
现在，Facebook创始人马克·扎克伯格（Mark Zuckerberg）提出了这个概念。
He told Harvard University graduates that "we should explore ideas like universal basic income to make sure that everyone has a cushion to try new ideas."
他告诉哈佛大学的毕业生：“我们应该探索像‘全民基本收入’这样的想法，让每一个人都有机会尝试新事物。”
He told Harvard University graduates that "we should explore ideas like universal basic income to make sure that everyone has a cushion to try new ideas."
他告诉哈佛大学的毕业生：“我们应该探索像‘全民基本收入’这样的想法，让每一个人都有机会尝试新事物。”
加拿大，德国，瑞士和芬兰已经启动了全民基本收入试验。
随着科技的出现，工厂和企业能够实现商品制造的自动化，人类劳动力规模相应缩减，因而，该试验得到了一些经济学家、社会学家和技术行业领导者的支持。
#1.
How the Universal Basic Income Works
全民基本收入如何运作
全民基本收入的提议形式有很多种。
其中最基础的是，仅用基本收入取代每个公民的社会保障、失业补偿和公共援助项目。
美国基本收入保障网络（The U.S. Basic Income Guarantee Network）支持这样的项目，他们指出：
为了消除贫困，以前的传统做法是做法是试图迫使美国人进入劳动力市场，而这种方式并没怎么奏效。
"Some estimates show that approximately 10 percent of people who work full time all year around live in poverty.
他们表示，“有估计显示，全职工作的人中大约有10%的人仍生活在贫困中。
"Some estimates show that approximately 10 percent of people who work full time all year around live in poverty.
他们表示，“有估计显示，全职工作的人中大约有10%的人仍生活在贫困中。
Hard work and a booming economy have not comes close to eliminating poverty. A universal program like the basic income guarantee could eliminate poverty," the group states.
努力工作和蓬勃发展的经济并没有消除贫困。像基本收入保障这样的全民项目才有可能消除贫困。”
Hard work and a booming economy have not comes close to eliminating poverty. A universal program like the basic income guarantee could eliminate poverty," the group states.
努力工作和蓬勃发展的经济并没有消除贫困。像基本收入保障这样的全民项目才有可能消除贫困。”
它的计划是将为每个美国人提供“满足他们最基本需求所必需”（necessary to meet their most basic needs）的收入水平，无论他们是否工作。
这个系统被描述为：
"efficient, effective, and equitable solution to poverty that promotes individual freedom and leaves the beneficial aspects of a market economy in place."
“是一种高效、有效和公平地解决贫困问题的方法，它促进了个人自由并且使市场经济的有利方面得以发挥作用”
"efficient, effective, and equitable solution to poverty that promotes individual freedom and leaves the beneficial aspects of a market economy in place."
“是一种高效、有效和公平地解决贫困问题的方法，它促进了个人自由并且使市场经济的有利方面得以发挥作用”
#2.
Why Universal Basic Income Is a Good Idea
为什么全民基本收入是一个好主意
有一本书叫《在我们的手中：取代福利国家的计划》（In Our Hands: A Plan to Replace the Welfare State）
它的作者查尔斯·默里（Charles Murray）写道：全民基本收入是维持文明社会的最好方式，他称之为“即将到来的、不同于人类历史上任何一个的劳动力市场。”
"It will need to be possible, within a few decades, for a life well lived not to involve a job as traditionally defined."
“在未来几十年内，我们可能不需要传统意义上的工作也可以生活美满。”
"It will need to be possible, within a few decades, for a life well lived not to involve a job as traditionally defined."
“在未来几十年内，我们可能不需要传统意义上的工作也可以生活美满。”
#3.
Why Universal Basic Income Is a Bad Idea
为什么全民基本收入是一个坏主意
全民基本收入的批评者认为它使人们失去工作的动力，而且还是在鼓励好逸恶劳。
"The struggling entrepreneurs and artists ... are struggling for a reason. For whatever reason, the market has deemed the goods they are providing to be insufficiently valuable. Their work simply isn’t productive according to those who would potentially consume the goods or services in question. In a functioning marketplace, producers of goods the consumers don't want would quickly have to abandon such endeavors and focus their efforts into productive areas of the economy. The universal basic income, however, allows them to continue their less-valued endeavors with the money of those who have actually produced value, which gets to the ultimate problem of all government welfare programs."
“努力奋斗的企业家和艺术家.之所以努力是有原因的。而现在不知道为什么，市场还是认为他们所提供的商品价值不足。对于那些可能会消费相关商品或服务的人来说，他们的工作根本没有成效。在一个运作良好的市场中，消费者不想要的商品的生产者很快就不得不放弃这种努力，把精力集中在经济生产领域。然而，全民基本收入让他们可以继续用那些真正创造了价值的人的钱进行他们不那么有价值的努力，这就涉及到所有政府福利计划的终极问题。”
"The struggling entrepreneurs and artists ... are struggling for a reason. For whatever reason, the market has deemed the goods they are providing to be insufficiently valuable. Their work simply isn’t productive according to those who would potentially consume the goods or services in question. In a functioning marketplace, producers of goods the consumers don't want would quickly have to abandon such endeavors and focus their efforts into productive areas of the economy. The universal basic income, however, allows them to continue their less-valued endeavors with the money of those who have actually produced value, which gets to the ultimate problem of all government welfare programs."
“努力奋斗的企业家和艺术家.之所以努力是有原因的。而现在不知道为什么，市场还是认为他们所提供的商品价值不足。对于那些可能会消费相关商品或服务的人来说，他们的工作根本没有成效。在一个运作良好的市场中，消费者不想要的商品的生产者很快就不得不放弃这种努力，把精力集中在经济生产领域。然而，全民基本收入让他们可以继续用那些真正创造了价值的人的钱进行他们不那么有价值的努力，这就涉及到所有政府福利计划的终极问题。”
批评者还将全民基本收入描述为一种财富分配方案，那些更努力、挣得更多的人其实是在被迫“惩罚”，因为他们创造的价值被用来供养不工作的人了；而挣得最少的人却受益最多。
他们认为这样的现象最终会造成工作积极性的下降。
瘦身、绘画、设计小技巧
▽
免费口语能力测评返回搜狐，查看更多